Used to characterize the set of organizations, groups or initiatives that act within the black movement, given that each one may have its own strategies, objectives and focus of action, but share the common objective of combating racism and promoting racial equity, more consistently capturing the dimensions of the social movement’s plurality.
A set of people who self-declare as black and brown, according to the color or race criterion used by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) Foundation, or who adopt an analogous self-definition.
(Brazil, 2010- Statute of Racial Equality, Law 12.228 of July 20, 2010 https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2007-2010/2010/lei/l12288.htm)
The process by which a member, or members, of a socially defined group is, or are, treated differently (especially unfairly) because of his/her/their membership of that group. This unfair treatment arises from socially derived beliefs each group holds about the other and patterns of dominance and oppression, viewed as expressions of a struggle for power and privilege.
(Krieger 2001 https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.55.10.693).
Extreme poverty is a condition in which people live on a very low income, unable to acquire even the basics for their survival. The World Bank has defined, for international comparison purposes, a person to be in extreme poverty if they live on less than $2.15 per day, considering the purchasing power of 2017 (that is, what this amount could buy that year, considering price differences between countries).
A condition in which there is no total and permanent access to food, hunger being its most serious form, constituting a violation of the constitutional precept in Brazil regarding the human right to adequate food. The Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA) assesses access to food in Brazilian households from the perspective of those responsible for preparing meals or of an adult resident who is aware of the food dynamics for families, given the scarcity of money.
From the perspective of institutions as a sum of practices, norms, standards and control techniques that condition the behavior of individuals, institutional racism refers to the perpetuation of racism within the scope of society’s institutions and organizations, moving from the individual dimension and solidifying in its forms of functioning, leading to unequal treatments and outcomes, ensuring the selective exclusion of racially subordinate groups, acting as an important leverage of differentiated exclusion of different subjects in these groups. This is due to the presence of a racist way of thinking that permeates the spheres that hold power.
(Observatório da Branquitude https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ULNS7u3h-LA0utS2DYZzYYvn6PzV39Eb/view) (Werneck, 2016 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-129020162610)
In the context of monetary poverty, the amount of resources that a family has available for acquiring goods and services capable of providing quality of life is an important indicator. Poverty is when a person has difficulty accessing basic needs such as food, education, housing, and health. To measure poverty, the World Bank uses a cut-off point to define the poverty line, corresponding to the minimum amount necessary for someone to achieve a dignified life. This line varies according to the country and its income level, since what is considered a low value in one country may not be the same in another. However, for international comparison purposes, the poverty line was set at US $6.85 per day considering household income per capita.
“Any unjustified situation of differentiation of access to and enjoyment of goods, services and opportunities, in the public and private spheres, by virtue of race, color, descent or national or ethnic origin.”
(Statute of Racial Equality, Law 12.228 of July 20, 2010 https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2007-2010/2010/lei/l12288.htm).
“Any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference on the grounds of race, color, descent or national or ethnic origin which is intended to nullify or restrict the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal basis, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public or private life.”
(Statute of Racial Equality, Law 12.228 of July 20, 2010 https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2007-2010/2010/lei/l12288.htm).
An approach used to classify a person’s racial identity based on what they themselves say about their race. Instead of adopting a classification defined by other people or institutions—which is known as hetero-identification—self-declaration allows the individual to identify themselves according to their experience and sense of ethnic-racial belonging. In Brazil, it is customary to use the categories defined by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) to collect data on color or race for which the respondent chooses among the options “white,” “black,” “yellow,” “brown” or “indigenous.” In the demographic census, each respondent declares their own perception of their color or race and their own understanding of how the other residents in their household self-identify by selecting one of the five categories. The principle of self-declaration was included in the 1950 census with instruction to census agents for its application. Within the scope of the health information systems of the Unified Health System (SUS), collection of data on color or race and completion of the corresponding field are mandatory for professionals working in health services, so as to respect the user’s principle of self-declaration, using the IBGE racial categories. In situations where the user is unable to self-declare, this responsibility is left to their family members or guardians.
Source: https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/periodicos/3105/cd_2022_etnico_racial.pdfhttps://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/saudelegis/gm/2017/prt0344_01_02_2017.html (part of the SIS)
An organized system of conscious or unconscious, institutional and individual practices based on the categorization and ranking of social groups into races, and which devalues, disempowers and differentially allocates desirable societal opportunities and resources to racial groups regarded as inferior, also defining privileges or disadvantages. Racism often leads to the development of negative attitudes and beliefs towards non-dominant and stigmatized racial groups and to the differential treatment of these groups by both individuals and social institutions. This conception not only justifies, but also perpetuates, several forms of violence and the permanence of racialized groups in inferior social positions, varying according to the cultural, historical and political context of a society.
(Williams 2013 https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764213487340) (Krieger 2001 https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.55.10.693). (Observatório da Branquitude https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ULNS7u3h-LA0utS2DYZzYYvn6PzV39Eb/view)
A genetic condition that predominates in the black and brown population and affects hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen, causing the cells to be sickle shaped. This condition can lead to chronic anemia, bouts of pain, increased risk of infections, and other complications such as stroke, leg ulcers, and vision problems. In 2023, sickle cell disease was included in the National List of Compulsory Notification of Diseases, Conditions and Public Health Events, in public and private health services throughout the national territory. The neonatal diagnosis of this disease was implemented in Brazil through Ordinance No. 822, of the Ministry of Health, on June 06, 2001.
Source: https://ieps.org.br/boletim-care-ieps-05-2024/ https://www.scielo.br/j/rbhh/a/7pwgXvkPMzF5fr8SYhWc8Sw/?lang=pt https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/saudelegis/gm/2023/prt2010_29_11_2023.htmlhttps://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/saudelegis/gm/2001/prt0822_06_06_2001.html
This platform, developed by the Ministry of Racial Equality and Vital Strategies, with funding from Instituto Ibirapitanga, highlights the intersection between health and racial equity in Brazil. Explore the site to access studies and evidence that contribute to the understanding and promotion of racial equity in health.
